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They are currently offered as ascii text files for winter, monthly, seasonal, and annual values.Observational data is subject to corrections after it has been published and used in our indices.

Monthly, seasonal and annual indices using slightly different data sources for the southern station are also available.http://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/hurrell-north-atlantic-oscillation-nao-index-station-basedThe National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.

Hurrell North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index (station-based)The winter (December thru March) station-based index of the NAO is based on the difference of normalized sea level pressure (SLP) between Lisbon, Portugal and Stykkisholmur/Reykjavik, Iceland since 1864. The daily NAO index for the past 120 days. Moreover, individual station pressures are significantly affected by small-scale and transient meteorological phenomena not related to the NAO and, thus, contain noise.An advantage of the PC time series approach is that such indices are more optimal representations of the full NAO spatial pattern; yet, as they are based on gridded SLP data, they can only be computed for parts of the 20th century, depending on the data source.For a more detailed discussion of issues related to the NAO indices and related indices such as the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and Arctic Oscillation (AO), see Hurrell and Deser (2009) and Hurrell et. Once noted, these corrections are applied to our input data, and the corresponding climate indices may change. al (2003), linked in Key Publications 2 and 3 below.The station-based NAO indices produced by NCAR's Climate Analysis Section are based on Hurrell (1995).

Questions about these datasets?

(Missing Value = -999.) The SLP anomalies at each station were normalized relative to the 120-year period 1864--1983. Both the long-term means and standard deviations are based on the period 1864-1983. JISAO data. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.Station data from World Monthly Surface Station ClimatologyMonthly, Seasonal and Annual Station-Based NAO Indices

Lisbon minus Stykkisholmur Normalized December-March Average SLP Anomalies.

The winter (December thru March) station-based index of the NAO is based on the difference of normalized sea level pressure (SLP) between Lisbon, Portugal and Stykkisholmur/Reykjavik, Iceland since 1864. Each daily value has been standardized by the standard deviation of the monthly NAO index from 1950 to 2000 interpolated to the day in question.

The values in the files above differ slightly from those in Hurrell (1995) because of continual updates to the data and a change in the base period. The daily NAO index correpsponds to the NAO patterns, which vary from one month to the next. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is based on the surface sea-level pressure difference between the Subtropical (Azores) High and the Subpolar Low. See NAO visualisations to see a more representative baseline.

Contact Adam Phillips (asphilli (AT) ucar.edu) and/or Jim Hurrell (jhurrell (AT) ucar.edu).Winter index of the NAO based on the difference of normalized sea level pressures (SLP) between Lisbon, Portugal and Stykkisholmur/Reykjavik, Iceland since 1864. Positive values of the NAO index are typically associated with stronger-than-average westerlies over the middle latitudes, more intense weather systems over the North Atlantic and wetter/milder weather over western Europe. Accessed DD Month YYYY [list date you accessed the data]NAO Index Data provided by the Climate Analysis Section, NCAR, Boulder, USA, Hurrell (2003).

This was supplemented by a version stored with 3 decimal places in 2017. Many examples of the former exist, usually based on instrumental records from individual stations near the NAO centers of action, but sometimes from gridded SLP analyses.

Last modified 24 Apr 2020. The NAO loading pattern has been chosen as the first mode of a Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis using monthly mean 500 millibar height anomaly data from 1950 to 2000 over 0-90°N latitude. The extra precision is provided for users who are making further calculations where rounding to the appropriate precision is best done at the end of the calculations. Normalization is used to avoid the series being dominated by the greater variability of the northern station.From June 2003 through February 2010, the Ponta Delgada station reports were intermittent, with a large gap in reports from June 2003 through May 2008. Updated regularly. Here we give data for SW Iceland (Reykjavik), Gibraltar and Ponta Delgada (Azores).

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